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By dingxinautoparts | 12 August 2024 | 0 Comments

Airbags, an indispensable safety guarantee for cars

Airbags, an indispensable safety guarantee for cars
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How airbags reduce injuries in car collisions
Airbags can reduce injury to passengers in car collisions through a series of complex and rapid reactions. When a car experiences a certain degree of collision, the sensors in the airbag system quickly sense the intensity and direction of the collision and transmit this information to the control unit. The control unit will quickly determine whether the airbag needs to be deployed. Once it is determined that deployment is necessary, the gas generator will quickly ignite, producing a large amount of gas, causing the airbag to inflate and pop out in an instant.
The deployment of airbags can form a cushioning barrier between the passenger's body and the hard parts inside the car. For example, when the driver's head and chest are pushed forward, the fully inflated airbag can withstand the impact force, avoiding direct impact on the steering wheel, dashboard, and other parts, thereby reducing the harm to the body. At the same time, the airbag is also equipped with a safety valve. When the inflation is excessive or the pressure inside the airbag exceeds a certain value, it will automatically release some gas to prevent excessive compression on the passengers. In addition, some advanced airbags also have devices for graded inflation or pressure release, which can provide more precise protection based on the severity of the collision and the posture of the occupants.
To better understand the function of airbags, we can assume a scenario. A car collided head-on with an obstacle at a high speed, and at the moment of collision, due to inertia, the driver's body would rush forward. If there were no airbags, the driver's head could directly hit the hard steering wheel, causing serious head injuries and even endangering life. With airbags, they can quickly deploy and cushion the impact force on the head, greatly reducing the risk of injury.

The function of different types of airbags
There are various types of airbags, each with its specific function, providing comprehensive protection for passengers inside the vehicle.
The front airbag is the most basic and important type, usually located in the driver and passenger positions. In the event of a violent collision on the front of the vehicle, it can effectively protect the chest and brain of the front passengers, reducing the occurrence of fatal injuries.
Head airbags, also known as side air curtains, can pop up to cover car windows during side collisions, preventing front passengers from directly hitting nearby hard parts, buffering the lateral displacement inertia of the head, and protecting cervical spine and head safety.
Side airbags are usually installed on the outside of the seat, which can alleviate the injuries caused by side impacts to the passenger's waist, abdomen, outer chest, and arms, ensuring the mobility and escape ability of the upper limbs.
The knee airbag is located inside the front driver's seat and can effectively protect the lower back limbs of rear passengers during frontal collisions, relieving forward impact.
The airbag of the seat belt is hidden inside the seat belt, extending from the passenger's shoulder to the seat belt buckle. After a collision, it can increase the contact area with the human torso and reduce the impact of seat belts on the body.
Pedestrian airbags are installed between the engine hood and windshield, which can reduce the risk of secondary injury caused by pedestrians colliding with the windshield when the vehicle hits them.

Components of airbag system
The airbag system is mainly composed of multiple key components. Firstly, there are sensors that are responsible for detecting the intensity and direction of car collisions, like the "antennae" of a system, providing basic information for subsequent reactions. These sensors are distributed in different positions of the car, such as the front of the car, on both sides of the body, etc., to comprehensively perceive the collision situation.
Microprocessors are like the "brain" of a system, receiving signals from sensors and performing fast and accurate analysis and judgment. It will determine whether to deploy the airbag based on preset algorithms and conditions.
The gas generator is a key device for inflating airbags. When it receives instructions from the microprocessor, it can quickly generate a large amount of gas, causing the airbag to inflate and pop out in an instant.
The airbag itself is usually made of high-strength fabric material, which has good flexibility and compression resistance, and can effectively withstand the impact of passengers after inflation.
In addition, there are auxiliary components such as connecting lines to ensure signal transmission and collaborative work between various parts.

Limitations of using airbags
Although airbags are important safety devices in cars, they also have certain limitations.
Firstly, the airbag system may not be effective in any collision situation. For example, when a car experiences a frontal collision, rear collision, lateral collision, rollover, or longitudinal deceleration below a threshold, the front airbags may not deploy.
Secondly, due to the different sitting postures of passengers and their relative positions with airbags, the degree of protection provided by airbags to passengers in different positions also varies. Most airbags are suitable for adults within a certain height and weight range, and may not provide sufficient protection for children and short passengers.
Thirdly, in situations where low-speed collisions are not fatal, the deployment of airbags may cause eye damage or even blindness to some nearsighted individuals wearing glasses. Moreover, if the airbag is matched according to the height of adults, it may be fatal for children.

The effect of airbag and seat belt coordination
The combination of airbags and seat belts can significantly improve the safety protection effect of cars. Using airbags alone can reduce accident mortality rates by about 18%, using seat belts alone can reduce accident mortality rates by about 42%, and when airbags are used in conjunction with seat belts, it can reduce accident mortality rates by about 47%.
Seat belts can restrain the bodies of drivers and passengers, preventing them from flying forward or colliding violently with interior components during a collision. And airbags provide additional cushioning and protection for passengers on the basis of seat belts. At the moment of collision, the seat belt comes into play first, securing the passenger in their seat, and then the airbag quickly deploys, further reducing the impact force on the passenger.
For example, in a high-speed collision accident, if only the seat belt is fastened, the passenger may experience strong compression and friction between their body and the seat belt due to the enormous inertia, causing a certain degree of injury. When the airbag and seat belt work together, the airbag can form a buffer at the part where the passenger comes into contact with the seat belt, effectively reducing the injuries caused by compression and friction.
In summary, airbags are one of the important safety devices in automobiles, but they also have their limitations. Different types of airbags have their own unique functions, and airbag systems are composed of multiple components working together. At the same time, airbags can only be used in conjunction with seat belts to maximize their protective effect and ensure the safety of drivers and passengers.

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